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07.22 TIL : κ·Έ λ°–μ˜ 인터넷 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ 정리

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Other Internet Protocols

Hypertext Transfer Protocols (HTTP) are used on top of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to transfer webpages and other content from websites. This reading explores other protocols commonly used on the Internet.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

You've learned that computers need IP addresses to communicate with each other. When your computer connects to a network, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP as it is commonly known, is used to assign your computer an IP address. Your computer communicates over User Datagram Protocol (UDP) using the protocol with a type of server called a DHCP server. The server keeps track of computers on the network and their IP addresses. It will assign your computer an IP address and respond over the protocol to let it know which IP address to use. Once your computer has an IP address, it can communicate with other computers on the network.

Domain Name System Protocol (DNS)

Your computer needs a way to know with which IP address to communicate when you visit a website in your web browser, for example, meta.com. The Domain Name System Protocol, commonly known as DNS, provides this function. Your computer then checks with the DNS server associated with the domain name and then returns the correct IP address.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

Do you check your emails on your mobile or tablet device? Or maybe you use an email application on your computer? Your device needs a way to download emails and manage your mailbox on the server storing your emails. This is the purpose of the Internet Message Access Protocol or IMAP.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Now that your emails are on your device, you need a way to send emails. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP, is used. It allows email clients to submit emails for sending via an SMTP server. You can also use it to receive emails from an email client, but IMAP is more commonly used.

Post Office Protocol (POP)

The Post Office Protocol (POP) is an older protocol used to download emails to an email client. The main difference in using POP instead of IMAP is that POP will delete the emails on the server once they have been downloaded to your local device. Although it is no longer commonly used in email clients, developers often use it to implement email automation as it is a more straightforward protocol than IMAP.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

When running your websites and web applications on the Internet, you'll need a way to transfer the files from your local computer to the server they'll run on. The standard protocol used for this is the File Transfer Protocol or FTP. FTP allows you to list, send, receive and delete files on a server. Your server must run an FTP Server and you will need an FTP Client on your local machine. You'll learn more about these in a later course.

Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)

When you start working with servers, you'll also need a way to log in and interact with the computer remotely. The most common method of doing this is using the Secure Shell Protocol, commonly referred to as SSH. Using an SSH client allows you to connect to an SSH server running on a server to perform commands on the remote computer. All data sent over SSH is encrypted. This means that third parties cannot understand the data transmitted. Only the sending and receiving computers can understand the data.

SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)

The data is transmitted insecurely when using the File Transfer Protocol. This means that third parties may understand the data that you are sending. This is not right if you transmit company files such as software and databases. To solve this, the SSH File Transfer Protocol, alternatively called the Secure File Transfer Protocol, can be used to transfer files over the SSH protocol. This ensures that the data is transmitted securely. Most FTP clients also support the SFTP protocol.

 
기타 인터넷 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)λŠ” TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) μœ„μ—μ„œ
μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ 및 기타 μ½˜ν…μΈ λ₯Ό μ›Ή μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ μ „μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 λ¬Έμ„œμ—μ„œλŠ” μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œ 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
컴퓨터가 μ„œλ‘œ ν†΅μ‹ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ IP μ£Όμ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컴퓨터가 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ— μ—°κ²°λ˜λ©΄ 일반적으둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„ DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)κ°€ 컴퓨터에 IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό ν• λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ DHCP μ„œλ²„λΌλŠ” μ„œλ²„ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό UDP(μ‚¬μš©μž λ°μ΄ν„°κ·Έλž¨ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ)λ₯Ό 톡해 ν†΅μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ„œλ²„λŠ” λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ 컴퓨터와 ν•΄λ‹Ή IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μš©μž 컴퓨터에 IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό ν• λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ 톡해 μ‘λ‹΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©ν•  IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컴퓨터에 IP μ£Όμ†Œκ°€ 있으면 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 컴퓨터와 톡신할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

DNS(도메인 이름 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ)
μ›Ή λΈŒλΌμš°μ €μ—μ„œ μ›Ή μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ(예: meta.com )λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•  λ•Œ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ 톡신할 IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일반적으둜 DNS둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 도메인 이름 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄ 이 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런 λ‹€μŒ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 도메인 이름과 μ—°κ²°λœ DNS μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•œ λ‹€μŒ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό λ°˜ν™˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

IMT-2000 3GPP-인터넷 λ©”μ‹œμ§€ μ ‘κ·Ό ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ
당신은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 이메일을 λͺ¨λ°”μΌμ΄λ‚˜ νƒœλΈ”λ¦Ώ 기기둜 ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ 이메일 μ• ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ „μž 메일을 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜κ³  μ „μž 메일을 μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ„œλ²„μ˜ μ‚¬μ„œν•¨μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 인터넷 λ©”μ‹œμ§€ μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ λ˜λŠ” IMAP의 λͺ©μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
이제 μ „μž 메일이 μž₯μΉ˜μ— μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ „μž 메일을 보낼 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœ 메일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ λ˜λŠ” SMTPκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „μž 메일 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈκ°€ SMTP μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό 톡해 보내기 μœ„ν•΄ μ „μž 메일을 μ œμΆœν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ „μž 메일 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ μ „μž 메일을 μˆ˜μ‹ ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ IMAP이 더 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

우체ꡭ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ(POP)
POP(Post Office Protocol)λŠ” μ „μž 메일 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈμ— μ „μž 메일을 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 였래된 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. IMAP λŒ€μ‹  POP을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œμ˜ μ£Όμš” 차이점은 POP이 둜컬 μž₯μΉ˜μ— λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œλœ μ „μž 메일을 μ„œλ²„μ—μ„œ μ‚­μ œν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 이상 μ „μž 메일 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ IMAP보닀 더 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ°œλ°œμžλŠ” μ „μž 메일 μžλ™ν™”λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

FTP(파일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ)
μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œ μ›Ή μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 및 μ›Ή μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•  λ•Œ 둜컬 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν–‰ν•  μ„œλ²„λ‘œ νŒŒμΌμ„ μ „μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” ν‘œμ€€ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ€ 파일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ λ˜λŠ” FTPμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. FTPλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ„œλ²„μ˜ νŒŒμΌμ„ λ‚˜μ—΄, 전솑, μˆ˜μ‹  및 μ‚­μ œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ„œλ²„μ—μ„œ FTP μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©° 둜컬 컴퓨터에 FTP ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ 이후 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

SSH(Secure Shell Protocol)
μ„œλ²„ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” μ›κ²©μœΌλ‘œ λ‘œκ·ΈμΈν•˜κ³  컴퓨터와 μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법도 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 방법은 SSH라고 ν•˜λŠ” Secure Shell Protocol을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. SSH ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ„œλ²„μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν–‰λ˜λŠ” SSH μ„œλ²„μ— μ—°κ²°ν•˜μ—¬ 원격 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ λͺ…령을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
SSHλ₯Ό 톡해 μ „μ†‘λ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 제3μžκ°€ μ „μ†‘λœ 데이터λ₯Ό 이해할 수 μ—†μŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 컴퓨터와 λ°›λŠ” μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ§Œ 데이터λ₯Ό 이해할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

SSH 파일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ(SFTP)
파일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 데이터가 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ „μ†‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즉, 제3μžκ°€ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό 이해할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 및 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ™€ 같은 νšŒμ‚¬ νŒŒμΌμ„ μ „μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ SSH 파일 전솑 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ(Secure File Transfer Protocol)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ SSH ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ 톡해 νŒŒμΌμ„ 전솑할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 데이터가 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ „μ†‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ FTP ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈλŠ” SFTP ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œλ„ μ§€μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
 
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